The President issues a pardon to an aide for all completed federal campaign-finance offenses committed during the prior year. State prosecutors later charge the aide under state bribery law based on the same facts, and C...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Ex parte Garland
...ognizes both permissible limited for-cause protections and the bar on congressional removal control. U.S. Const. art. II, Myers v. United States, Humphrey's Executor v. United States, Bowsher v. Synar, Seila Law LLC v. C...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, Myers v. United States, Humphrey's Executor v. United States, Bowsher v. Synar, Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
A statute authorizes an agency to issue safety rules. The statute provides that any final rule "shall have no force" if the House Safety Committee passes a resolution disapproving it within 30 days. The agency issues...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 7, INS v. Chadha
...Act. This essay tests Congress's Reconstruction Amendment enforcement powers and limits. U.S. Const. amend. XIII, U.S. Const. amend. XIV, sec. 5, City of Boerne v. Flores, United States v. Morrison, Tennessee v. Lane, Jo...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIII, U.S. Const. amend. XIV, sec. 5, City of Boerne v. Flores, United States v. Morrison, Tennessee v. Lane, Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
A federal judge is impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate for bribery. The Senate orders removal, disqualification from future federal office, a fine, and six months in prison. Federal prosecutors then ind...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 3, Nixon v. United States
...ute. Which statement is most accurate? The best answer recognizes the constitutional problem with delegating coercive regulatory authority to interested private competitors. U.S. Const. art. I, Carter v. Carter Coal Co...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, Carter v. Carter Coal Co., A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
...y and the member's Speech or Debate Clause defenses. This essay tests congressional investigations, subpoenas, valid legislative purpose, and Speech or Debate immunity. U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, cl. 1, McGrain v. Daugh...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, cl. 1, McGrain v. Daugherty, Watkins v. United States, Gravel v. United States, Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund, Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP
A member of Congress reads subpoenaed documents into the record during a committee hearing, then gives the same documents to a campaign consultant who posts them with campaign commentary. The target of the documents s...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, cl. 1, Gravel v. United States, United States v. Brewster
...te? The best answer identifies the valid legislative purpose limit on congressional investigations. U.S. Const. art. I, McGrain v. Daugherty, Watkins v. United States, Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, McGrain v. Daugherty, Watkins v. United States, Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund
An agency relies on a decades-old statute authorizing it to require "reasonable reports" from regulated companies. The agency then orders a nationwide restructuring of the entire industry, claiming the reporting provi...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, West Virginia v. EPA, Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA
...statement is most accurate? The best answer applies the separation-of-powers limit on Congress retaining control over officers who execute federal law. U.S. Const. art. I, U.S. Const. art. II, Bowsher v. Synar, Buckley v...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, U.S. Const. art. II, Bowsher v. Synar, Buckley v. Valeo
...isks, considering feasibility." A manufacturer argues that Congress unconstitutionally delegated legislative power because it did not write the exact exposure limit itself. Which statement is most accurate? The best answ...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 1, J.W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States, Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc.
...ct. The agency responds that the one-house disapproval provision is unconstitutional and severable, and that the delegation itself is valid. Analyze the constitutionality of the delegation, one-house disapproval mechanis...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 1, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 7, INS v. Chadha, J.W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States, Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc.
...ublic interest. Small data brokers challenge the Act on separation-of-powers grounds. The Commission argues that Congress may use expertise and broad standards to address modern technology. Analyze the delegation, privat...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 1, A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, Carter v. Carter Coal Co., Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc., West Virginia v. EPA
...ously been censured by a state legislature. A candidate who meets the constitutional age, citizenship, and inhabitancy requirements wins election but is excluded under the statute. Which statement is most accurate? The b...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 5, Powell v. McCormack, U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
...eclares that any state action that Congress considers unfair is now a constitutional equal protection violation. Which statement best describes Congress's Section 5 power? The best answer states the City of Boerne framew...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, sec. 5, City of Boerne v. Flores, United States v. Morrison
...ation, exclusion, and expulsion issues. This essay tests impeachment, congressional qualifications, exclusion, and expulsion powers. U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 3, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 5, U.S...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 3, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 5, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, Powell v. McCormack, U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, Nixon v. United States
State A enacted a law requiring online political advertisers to file donor reports within 24 hours after any ad is posted. Violations carry civil penalties. A small advocacy group planned to run ads next month, but sued...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. III, sec. 2, Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner, Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus, Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc., Southern Pacific Terminal Co. v. ICC, Roe v. Wade
...lation of states and commandeering state officials to enforce federal law. U.S. Const. amend. X, Reno v. Condon, Printz v. United States
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. X, Reno v. Condon, Printz v. United States
...investigating a theft use several methods to gather information: they listen from a public sidewalk, attach a tracker to a suspect's car while it is parked in the driveway, and obtain detailed long-term location records...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. IV, Katz v. United States, United States v. Jones
...ent actions in federal court. The statute also creates administrative law judges who conduct adversarial hearings, issue initial decisions, and impose penalties unless the Director reviews them. The Director appoints tho...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Buckley v. Valeo, Morrison v. Olson, Edmond v. United States, Lucia v. SEC, Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
...t. art. III, sec. 2, Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner, Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus
Citations: U.S. Const. art. III, sec. 2, Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner, Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus
City A owns a downtown plaza connected to public sidewalks and regularly opens it for rallies, concerts, and festivals. After several noisy protests, the city adopted a speech ordinance. The ordinance prohibits "polit...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. I, Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association, Ward v. Rock Against Racism, Reed v. Town of Gilbert, Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement
...d then reporting to the full Senate. In the third, voters allege that congressional districts violate equal population rules. In the fourth, voters allege that the same districts are an extreme partisan gerrymander under...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. III, sec. 2, Baker v. Carr, Luther v. Borden, Nixon v. United States, Rucho v. Common Cause, Japan Whaling Association v. American Cetacean Society
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