...eive" monthly disability benefits unless the agency finds one of five listed grounds for termination. The agency cuts off a recipient's benefits after reviewing medical records but without giving advance notice or a chan...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Board of Regents v. Roth, Mathews v. Eldridge, Goldberg v. Kelly
A state law bars any person who owes more than $5,000 in unpaid civil judgments from receiving a marriage license unless the creditor consents. An engaged couple challenges the law after one partner is denied a license b...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Loving v. Virginia, Zablocki v. Redhail, Obergefell v. Hodges
Congress enacted the Equal Access to Courts Act under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Act requires states to provide sign-language interpreters in all criminal, civil, and administrative hearings when a party...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIII, U.S. Const. amend. XIV, sec. 5, City of Boerne v. Flores, United States v. Morrison, Tennessee v. Lane, Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
A state university employed a laboratory supervisor under a civil-service statute providing that permanent employees may be discharged only for cause. After a chemical spill, the university president immediately suspe...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Board of Regents v. Roth, Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill, Mathews v. Eldridge
...before adopting the closures. Which statement is most accurate under equal protection? The best answer gives the Arlington Heights rule: disparate impact matters, but discriminatory purpose is needed to trigger strict s...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Washington v. Davis, Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
...had no advance notice that this particular mistake would occur. State law provides a prompt tort remedy that can fully compensate the car owner. The owner sues the city under the Due Process Clause. Which statement is mo...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Parratt v. Taylor, Hudson v. Palmer, Daniels v. Williams
...nminority subcontractor who lost a bid challenges the ordinance under equal protection. Which statement is most accurate? The best answer applies strict scrutiny to the city's express race-based contracting set-aside. U...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
A city requires food-truck operators to obtain a sanitation license, pass a kitchen inspection, and pay an annual fee. A food-truck owner who failed the inspection argues that the ordinance violates substantive due pr...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Nebbia v. New York, Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc.
...igibility rules, and the child's parent brings a Fourteenth Amendment equal protection claim. Which statement is most accurate? The best answer avoids automatic labels and focuses on entwinement and state involvement in...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association, Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co., Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co.
...er who passed the academy's physical test challenges the policy under equal protection. Which statement is most accurate? The best answer applies intermediate scrutiny and rejects broad stereotypes about firefighting abi...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Craig v. Boren, United States v. Virginia
...answer distinguishes the parental liberty interest from the separate equal protection rule that education itself is not generally a fundamental right. U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Meyer v. Nebraska, Pierce v. Society of Sist...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Meyer v. Nebraska, Pierce v. Society of Sisters, Troxel v. Granville
...anent resident denied a janitor position challenges the statute under equal protection. Which statement best describes the governing equal protection framework? The best answer states the general state alienage rule and...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Graham v. Richardson, Sugarman v. Dougall, Foley v. Connelie, Mathews v. Diaz
...outside the preferred zip codes challenges both ordinances under the Equal Protection Clause. The city argues that both ordinances remedy past inequity and promote local economic development. Analyze the equal protectio...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp., Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
...g. Parents of excluded children sue the league and the city under the Equal Protection Clause. The league argues that it is private and that, in any event, age, disability, and wealth classifications are not suspect. Ana...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co., Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association, City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
...o requested leave after the birth of his child also sues. Analyze the equal protection challenges to the academy's sex-based track exclusion, the equipment-carry test, and the parental leave rule. This essay tests interm...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, United States v. Virginia, Craig v. Boren, Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs
...ntive due process challenge. Analyze the likely level of scrutiny and constitutional outcome for each challenged section. This essay tests substantive due process, careful right identification, strict scrutiny for fundam...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Loving v. Virginia, Zablocki v. Redhail, Troxel v. Granville, Washington v. Glucksberg
...r headquarters in State C. Revenue from the tax funds roads, consumer-protection enforcement, and digital-fraud investigations that benefit online transactions in the state. An out-of-state retailer with $3 million in an...
Citations: Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady, South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., Comptroller of the Treasury v. Wynne, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 8, cl. 3
...y state action that Congress considers unfair is now a constitutional equal protection violation. Which statement best describes Congress's Section 5 power? The best answer states the City of Boerne framework for Section...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, sec. 5, City of Boerne v. Flores, United States v. Morrison
...issues? The best answer recognizes both permissible limited for-cause protections and the bar on congressional removal control. U.S. Const. art. II, Myers v. United States, Humphrey's Executor v. United States, Bowsher v...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, Myers v. United States, Humphrey's Executor v. United States, Bowsher v. Synar, Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
State A enacted a law requiring online political advertisers to file donor reports within 24 hours after any ad is posted. Violations carry civil penalties. A small advocacy group planned to run ads next month, but sued...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. III, sec. 2, Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner, Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus, Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc., Southern Pacific Terminal Co. v. ICC, Roe v. Wade
...lation of states and commandeering state officials to enforce federal law. U.S. Const. amend. X, Reno v. Condon, Printz v. United States
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. X, Reno v. Condon, Printz v. United States
...investigating a theft use several methods to gather information: they listen from a public sidewalk, attach a tracker to a suspect's car while it is parked in the driveway, and obtain detailed long-term location records...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. IV, Katz v. United States, United States v. Jones
The President issues a pardon to an aide for all completed federal campaign-finance offenses committed during the prior year. State prosecutors later charge the aide under state bribery law based on the same facts, and C...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Ex parte Garland
...company challenges the Director's appointment, the Director's removal protection, and the administrative law judges' authority. The Commission argues that Congress may design independent agencies to protect expert decisi...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Buckley v. Valeo, Morrison v. Olson, Edmond v. United States, Lucia v. SEC, Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
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