A federal statute authorizes a board made up of executives from the five largest trucking companies to set binding minimum rates for all smaller trucking companies. A federal agency must publish the board's rates but may...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, Carter v. Carter Coal Co., A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
A federal court orders production of specific Oval Office recordings needed for a criminal trial of private defendants. The President invokes executive privilege, arguing that all presidential communications are absolute...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, United States v. Nixon
A federal grand jury investigating bribery by private contractors subpoenaed recordings of Oval Office meetings between the President and senior advisers. The subpoena identifies specific dates and topics and seeks evide...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, United States v. Nixon, Nixon v. Fitzgerald, Clinton v. Jones, Trump v. Vance
A former federal contractor sues the President for civil damages based on a statement the President made during an official press conference explaining termination of a federal contract. Another plaintiff sues the Presid...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, Nixon v. Fitzgerald, Clinton v. Jones, Trump v. Vance
Congress creates a new federal enforcement agency led by a Director who may issue binding rules, sue regulated parties, and is supervised by no other executive officer except the President. The statute provides that the...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Buckley v. Valeo, Edmond v. United States
Congress creates an agency headed by one Director who enforces federal consumer laws, seeks civil penalties, and issues binding rules. The statute permits removal of the Director only for cause and also says Congress may...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, Myers v. United States, Humphrey's Executor v. United States, Bowsher v. Synar, Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
...a labor emergency affecting military suppliers, the President orders federal officials to seize and operate private factories. Congress had rejected a statute authorizing such seizures and instead provided mediation pro...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
The President issued a pardon to a former cabinet official for "all federal offenses committed in connection with the Harbor Contract Program from January 1 through June 30." The official had not yet been indicted when t...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Ex parte Garland, Murphy v. Ford, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, Little v. Barreme
The President issues a pardon to an aide for all completed federal campaign-finance offenses committed during the prior year. State prosecutors later charge the aide under state bribery law based on the same facts, and C...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Ex parte Garland
...ngress creates a Budget Enforcement Director who must cancel specific federal spending items when statutory deficit targets are missed. The statute provides that Congress may remove the Director by joint resolution at an...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, U.S. Const. art. II, Bowsher v. Synar, Buckley v. Valeo
...e President believed the grant program was wasteful. Order 3 directed federal prosecutors to prioritize cyberattack prosecutions and temporarily defer low-level computer-trespass cases to preserve resources. A server-far...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, Zivotofsky v. Kerry, Train v. City of New York
...rector may issue binding rules and bring civil enforcement actions in federal court. The statute also creates administrative law judges who conduct adversarial hearings, issue initial decisions, and impose penalties unle...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Buckley v. Valeo, Morrison v. Olson, Edmond v. United States, Lucia v. SEC, Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
....S. companies and Country X's state-owned bank. The agreement directs federal courts to dismiss pending claims against the bank and transfer those claims to an international tribunal. A federal statute enacted two years...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, United States v. Belmont, United States v. Pink, Dames & Moore v. Regan, Medellin v. Texas, Zivotofsky v. Kerry
A consumer filed a federal products-liability action after a battery-powered scooter caught fire. Before suit, the consumer's lawyer sent the manufacturer a letter identifying the scooter model, the fire date, the warran...
Citations: Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(f), Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(e)
A federal judge is impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate for bribery. The Senate orders removal, disqualification from future federal office, a fine, and six months in prison. Federal prosecutors then indict...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 3, Nixon v. United States
A House committee is investigating whether federal cybersecurity grants are being misused by state contractors. The committee issues subpoenas to a contractor for invoices and to a former agency official for testimony ab...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, cl. 1, McGrain v. Daugherty, Watkins v. United States, Gravel v. United States, Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund, Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP
A Senate committee investigating federal disaster-contract fraud subpoenas a private contractor's invoices while considering amendments to procurement and reporting statutes. The contractor argues that Congress has no po...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, McGrain v. Daugherty, Watkins v. United States, Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund
Congress enacted a comprehensive federal statute regulating the national market for rare medicinal mushrooms. The statute requires federal permits for commercial cultivation, tracks interstate shipments, and prohibits un...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 8, cl. 3, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 8, cl. 18, Wickard v. Filburn, Gonzales v. Raich, United States v. Lopez
Congress enacted a statute giving any college student a federal civil damages action against a person who commits a bias-motivated assault on or within 500 feet of a college campus. The statute applies to public and priv...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 8, cl. 3, United States v. Lopez, United States v. Morrison
Congress enacted the Safe Campus Drone Act, making it a federal crime for any person to possess a camera-equipped drone within 1,000 feet of a school. The statute contains no requirement that the drone, the camera, or th...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 8, cl. 3, United States v. Lopez, United States v. Morrison, Gonzales v. Raich
The House impeached a federal judge for taking bribes. The Senate convicted the judge by the required vote and entered judgment removing the judge and disqualifying him from future federal office. The Senate also purport...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 3, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 5, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, Powell v. McCormack, U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, Nixon v. United States
A federal jury found for a defendant in a patent-licensing dispute, and judgment was entered on March 1. On March 20, the plaintiff moved for a new trial, arguing that the court wrongly excluded a licensing email and tha...
Citations: Fed. R. Civ. P. 59, Fed. R. Civ. P. 60, Fed. R. Civ. P. 61
A former regional sales manager sued her former employer in federal court for sex discrimination and retaliation. She alleges that, during a six-month period, her supervisor reassigned her largest accounts after she comp...
Citations: Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1), Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(5), Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c), Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(b)
A plaintiff brings a federal discrimination claim and a related state battery claim arising from the same workplace incident. Which statement best describes supplemental jurisdiction over the state claim? The correct ans...
Citations: 28 U.S.C. 1367(a), United Mine Workers v. Gibbs
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